[발췌: S.A. Epstein's] Essays on Medieval Genoa

출처: Web page on Medieval Genoa written by Professor Stephen A. Epstein of the History Department of the University of Colorado, Boulder, and Professor George L. Gorse of the Art History Department of Pomona College, Claremont, CA.

차례: http://www.pages.pomona.edu/~glg04747/genoa/index.htm
자료: History & Municipal Institutions


※ 발췌 (excerpt):

( ... ) A charter of 1056 reveals that the Genoese enjoyed a generous measure of self-rule, but the city’s actual governing institutions remained unknown, until the medieval commune emerged in 1099. In that year, the historian Caffaro informs us, a compagna, or sworn association of citizens, was established, and six consuls from the neighborhoods constituted the commune’s executive.  ( ... )

In the twelfth century the Genoese continued to administer their city through a board of consuls, usually a mix of nobles and prosperous merchants. The consul’s job was to foster Genoese trade overseas by securing commercial privileges and occasionally by fighting the Pisans, Genoa’s main rival in this period. ( ... )