[메모] 마이어 암셀 로스차일드의 결혼, 궁정 거래인의 자격 등

※ 발췌(excerpts):


출처 1: http://h21.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/culture_general/11938.html

로스차일드 가문의 기초를 세운 사람은 마이어 암셀(1744~1812년)이다. [11살 때 소년 가장으로 경제 생활을 시작한 그는] 유대인 사설 금융업자의 도제로서 경험을 쌓아 통일 이전 독일의 제후 귀족 부호들을 상대로 옛날 화폐와 골동품 등을 팔아 돈을 번다. 이와 함께 의도적으로 독일의 권세가들에게 접근해 결국 헤센카젤 공국의 지배자인 하나우공 빌헬름의 신임을 얻어 궁정 어용상인이 된다. 로스차일드라는 이름은 붉은색(Rot)과 방패(schild)의 합성어로, 마이어 암셀의 집에 붙은 붉은 방패에서 비롯됐다.

( ... ... ) 이 가운데 가장 유명한 것이 바로 '워털루 전투 사건'일 것이다. 당시 유럽 전역을 무대로 가장 빠른 정보 입수와 전달 체계를 구축하던 로스차일드 상회는 워털루 전투의 결과를 자체 능력으로 런던 상회에서 24시간 정도 일찍 알 수 있었다. 이때 영국 정부의 국채를 몇 시간 일찍 무더기로 사들이는 드의 방법으로 1억 3500만 프랑의 이익을 얻었다고 알려졌다. 한편 다섯 아들은 모두 유럽의 중심 국가 오스트리아 제국으로부터 작위를 받는다. ( ... ) 이 형제들에게는 '5발의 화살'이라는 별명이 붙는다.


출처 2: https://www.rothschildarchive.org/exhibitions/timeline/

Mayer Amschel Rothschild becomes Court Agent to the Principality of Hesse-Hanau

In 1769, Mayer Amschel Rothschild, a dealer in coins, was appointed Crown Agent to the Principality of Hesse-Hanau. From this hard won position, he launched himself into the world of banking. Later, with the help of his sons, he began to expand further his business, emphasising to them the strength that lay in family unity.


출처 3: https://www.quora.com/How-exactly-did-the-Rothschilds-get-so-rich

His coin business grew to include a number of princely patrons, and then expanded through the provision of financial services to Crown Prince Wilhelm. In 1769, Mayer Amschel gained the title of "Court Agent", managing the finances of the immensely wealthy Elector of Hesse-Cassel who became Wilhelm IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1785. Business expanded rapidly following the French Revolution when Rothschild handled payments from Britain for the hire of Hessian mercenaries.


출처 4: Dragons: Ten Entrepreneurs Who Built Britain ( 구글도서 )

The Rothschilds' roots date back to the 1560s, when Isak, sone of Elchanan built a home designated as ^zum roten Schild^, literally 'at the red shield' : for the next six generations, the family used the name 'Rothschild' after their old address. At first, the family was very pious and moderately prosperous, dealing in, among other things, cloth. Before his death, Isak had a taxable income of some 2,700 Gulden (the gold coins standardized throughout the Holy Roman Empire) and a century later his great-grandson, a money-changer who dealt in silk and wool, had merely doubled it. No one made enough money to move from cramped house with its ground-floor office, first-floor kitchen and squeezed bedrooms, where Nathan's father Mayer Amschel, was born in either 1743 or 1744.

Educated at a rabbinical school in Fuerth, Bavaria, it was there that Mayer leared -- at the age of twelve -- of his parents' tragic death in the epidemic of 1755. But, rather than return home, he was apprenticed to Wolf Jakob Oppenheim to learn the trade that changed his life: court finance.

Oppenheim's grandfather had been the court agent to the Austrian emperor, and his uncle was agent to the Bishop of Cologne. Within a decade, Mayer had learned enough to return to Frankfurt and began dealing in rare coins and medals, selling enough within five years to William, ruler of Hesse-Kassel, that he earned the title of 'court agent' for himself. With a wise marriage the following year, to the daughter of Wolf Salomon Schnapper, court agent to the Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, Mayer Amschel was soon Frankfurt's leading dealer of coins, medals and autiquities, and by the mid-1780s he was worth 150,000 Gulden -- about ￡15,000. It was enough to finance a move in 1787 to the middle of the Judengasse, opposite its western gate, to a home with a little courtyard, two cellars, three storeys and conceivably enough room for the 19 children born to the couple between 1771 and 1792 -- including, in 1777, Nathan Rothschild. ( ... ... )


출처 5: The House of Rothschild: Volume 1: Money's Prophets: 1798-1848 ( 구글도서 )

( ... ... ) untimely death of his parents in 1755 and 1756, victims of one of the epidemics which still periodically swept through German towns. He was just twelve years old.

At this point, he might well have returned to rejoin his elder suster, Gutelche, and two brothers, Moses and Kalman. Instead, he was sent to Hanover to learn the rudiments of business in the firm of Wolf Jakob Oppenheim (presumably a business associate of this father's). This ws a formative experience, because it brought him for the first time into direct contact with the privileged world of the court agents. Of course, Mayer Amschel almost certainly knew something of this world already. Suess-Oppenheimer, after all, had been executed just six years before he was born. Moreover, we know that Suess had been involved in at least one bills transaction with Mayer Amschel's grandfather. But now the boy could see at closer quarters what it meant to be a "court jew," since Oppenheimer's grandfather Samuel had been court agent to the Austrian Emperor, and his uncle was agent to the Bishop of Cologne. It was in Hanover that Mayer Amschel began to acquire an expertise which was calculated to help him acquire the status of court agent for himself. He became a dealer in rare coins and medals, a line of business in which clients were almost invariably aristocratic collectors, and in which a knowledge of Samuel Maddai's complex system of numismatic classification was indispensable.

When he returned to Frankfurt--as was obliged by residence law to do when his apprenticeship ended--in around 1764, Mayer Amschel was quick to put this expertise to good use. ( ... ... ) this--along with "various deliveries" of which no record survives--was enough to justify a request in 1769 that Mayer Amschel be granted the title of court agent, a request which was duly granted in September that year. A year later he consolidated this new status. In August 1770 (at the age of 26) he married Gutle, the 16-year-old daughter of Wolf Salomon Schnapper, court agent to the Prince of Saxe-Meiningen. In addition to the benefits of association with her father, the match brought Mayer Amschel vital new capital, in the form of a dowry of 2,400 gulden. It was to prove the first of a succession of carefully calculated Rothschild marriages, laying a foundation of prosperous kinship every bit as important as the foundation of royal patronage represented by the title of court agent. ( ... ... )