[책] Funding virtue: civil society aid and democracy promotion

자료: Google books

제목	Funding virtue: civil society aid and democracy promotion Global policy books from the Carnegie Endowment
저자	Marina Ottaway, Thomas Carothers
편집자	Marina Ottaway, Thomas Carothers
발행인	Carnegie Endowment, 2000
ISBN	0870031783, 9780870031786
길이	359페이지

※ 메모:

The analysis here thus distinguishes between assistance for "Big D" and "small d" democracy. Assistance geared toward formal systems of governance--"democracy with a Bid D"--attempts to make elections, judiciaries, legislatures, political parties, and other core democratic institutions and practices operate responsibly, accountably, and effectively. Is goal is success on the national level, in overall progress on democracy and the rule of law. It is process-oriented and largely outcome-reutral. The results of an election, a parliamentary vote, or judicial deliberations do not matter, so long as the process unfolds apppropriately. "Big D" democracy assistance supports advocacy by NGOs. But it is largely indifferent to whether NGOs win policy battles, except insofar as victories are indicators of greater capacity in policy advocacy.

In contrast, assistance intended to foster "democracy with a small d" aims in part at socioeconomic progress for disadvantaged people, and in any event at impact on specific policies, practices, and populations. It differs from much mainstream development work (in health or llivelyyhood enhancement, for example) in that the means it employs--commuity mobilization, legal assistance, media, advocacy, civic education--are important threads in the fabrics of many sturdy democracies. That is, it does not teach farmers how to maximize crop yields or mother how to safeguard their children from childhood diseases. But it can help farmers get theri land rights enforced or help women protect their own health and that of their children by combating domestic violence. And sometimes "small d" efforts build on mainstrean development work: women who are first organized around family planning needs, for example, are better able to learn about their rights.

Civic participation, while a goal of both types of democracy assistance, is not outcome-neutral in "small d" democracy. Often it blends with socioeconomic progress. Democracy in this sense is very much a matter of both the process and the products of equitable development.

The two kinds of democracy promotion can overlap. NGOs that seek to get women into legislatures may have in mind specific substantive policies, not just elections. Groups that battle corruption may define themselves in terms of that problem's "Big D" implications, or they may have an environmental, gender, or agrarian focus as they tackle graft. "Small d" democracy advocacy can yield change at the national level, for instance in government policies and appointments. And "Big D" democracy assistancec can operate at a community level to get people to press for good governance. The former uses democratic means to advance such development goals as good health for women, higher rural incomes, and better urban housing, while valuing affected people's participation in achieving those goals. The latter supports NGOs engaged in development out of a conviction that civil society is a crucial component of a vibrant democracy. (중략)

도서 개요:

In recent years the United States and many other international donors have embraced civil society aid as a key tool of democracy promotion. They support thousands of NGOs around the world in the name of civil society development, investing in these organizations high hopes for fostering democratic participation and values. Funding Virtue: Civil Society Aid and Democracy Promotion critically examines this burgeoning field. A diverse, distinguished collection of democracy experts and civil society practitioners from both donor and recipient countries analyze civil society aid in five regions, including country case studies of South Africa, the Philippines, Peru, Egypt, and Romania. The authors focus on crucial issues and dilemmas, such as the relationship between donor conceptions of civil society and local realities, the effects of civil society programs, and how aid can be improved. The books broad geographic reach, practical focus, and analytic rigor make it an invaluable guide to this vital new area of international affairs.