1.
Sony Walkman to Retire in Favor of Digital Music Players::: Sony walkman users are to become a thing of the past. Sony is sending its cassette tape Walkman into retirement in Japan as demand for a music player that was ground-breaking in its day dwindles to a tiny niche in the era of digital technology.Sony stopped Japanese production of the portable music player in April and sales will end once the last batch disappears from stores, company spokeswoman Hiroko Nakamura said Monday. (...)
2.
International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement::: With the election comin shortly after Hitler's annexation of Austria, Popular Front sentiment tended to be running high on the left. Goves was under considerable pressure to retire in favor of the candidate of the Liberals, who had always run second in the consttuency. Groves resisted this pressure and carried on a very active campaign. (...)
3.
Thomas Andrew Luken (b. July 9, 1925, Cincinnati, Ohio) is a politician of the Democratic Party from Ohio::: In 1983, Luken and Gradison swapped districts as a result of the 1980 census, with Luken's district being renumbered as the 1st District. He did not run for an eighth term in 1990, opting instead to retire in favor of his son, Cincinnati mayor Charlie Luken, who won a term to his father's former seat. (...)
4.
A New History of German Literature::: Fourteen years had passed since the defeat and collapse of the Nazi regime when Guenter Grass's novel ^Die Blechtrommel^(The Tin Drum) appeared to spectacular success in 1959. But the pat still cast a dark shadow over German life and politics. (...) The currency reform of 1948 had sparked a remarkable economic recovery, but one of the principal effects of this ^Wirtschaftswunder^ (economic miracle) was to blunt the memory of the past and encourage people to turn a blind eye to the activities of neo-Nazi elements and the National Democratic Party, which gained considerable strength in the 1960s. Finally, the now aged chancellor's refusal to yield to those in his party who wished him to retire in favor of a more vigorous leader spread an air of disenchantment over the country; new ideas and initiatives were postponed, and government authority suffered in consequence. Grass's novel was informed by all of these circumstances and tendencies.
2012년 9월 28일 금요일
Search# retire in favor of somebody
[메모] William Paley (July 1743 – 25 May 1805)
- defends the right of the poor to steal, particularly if they are in need of food,
- and proposes a graduated income tax in order to limit excessive accumulations of wealth in few hands.
- He was also an advocate of enabling women to take up careers, rather than perpetually to depend on the property owned and inherited by male relations. (He was well aware of the fact that women lower in the social scale worked - his argument was with the system which prevented talented and capable middle-class women from taking a role in the economy.)
2012년 9월 27일 목요일
Dic: prescribe (2) (GIVE RULE)
■
2. If a person or set of laws or rules prescribes an action or duty, they state that it must be carried out. (FORMAL)
- ...article II of the constitution, which prescribes the method of electing a president...
- Alliott told Singleton he was passing the sentence prescribed by law.
■
verb [T] FORMAL △to tell someone what they must have or do; to give something as a rule:
- Penalties for not paying taxes are prescribed by law.
- [+ that] The law prescribes that all children must go to school.
- [+ question word] Grammatical rules prescribe how words may be used together.
▷ prescribed. adj:
- The product will have to meet internationally prescribed (= demanded) standards.
▷ prescription. noun [C or U] FORMAL △when someone says what someone else must have or do:
- So what is his prescription for success?
▷ prescriptive. adj. FORMAL MAINLY DISAPPROVING △saying exactly what must happen, especially by giving an instruction or making a rule:
- Most teachers think the government's guidelines on homework are too prescriptive.
CF. prescribe(1) (GIVE MEDICAL TREATMENT)
■ prescriptive. adj.
- ...prescriptive attitudes to language on the part of teachers...
- The psychologists insist, however, that they are not being prescriptive.
- making or giving directions, rules, or injunctions
- sanctioned by long-standing usage or custom
- derived from or based upon legal prescription: ex) a prescriptive title
- saying how something should or must be done, or what should be done: ex) prescriptive teaching methods
- stating how a language should be used, rather than describing how it is used (≠ descriptive) : ex) prescriptive grammar
- prescriptive right: BrE. law. a right that has existed for so long that it is as effective as a law
2012년 9월 25일 화요일
[독자서평] 자본주의, 그리고 세계의 운명: <물질문명과 자본주의 읽기>
2012년 9월 24일 월요일
Dic: have/allow/give/leave/offer/provide with + scope
have | allow (sb), give sb, leave (sb), offer (sb), provide (sb with) + scope
- These courses give students more scope for developing their own ideas.
- They [=individualism and laissez-faire] gave full scope to our erstwhile heroes, the great business men.
2012년 9월 22일 토요일
[예문 메모] 20세기 초 영문 예문들
글의 스타일은 사람마다 다르고 분야마다 다르고 또 시기마다 다를 텐데, 제한적인 사례나마 1900~30년대의 예문 중에서 틈나는 대로 관찰해보고 싶은 부분들을 적어둬보자.
With home investment, even if it be ill-advised or extravagantly carried out, at least the country has the improvement for what it is worth; the worst conceived and most extravagant housing scheme imaginable leaves us with some houses.
At the end of the seventeenth century the divine right of monarchs gave place to natural liberty and to the compact, and the divine right of the church to the principle of toleration, and to the view that ‘a church is a voluntary society of men’, coming together, in a way which is ‘absolutely free and spontaneous’ (Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration).
3.
These ideas[ideas summed as individualism described in the previous paragraph of the text] furnished a satisfactory intellectual foundation to the rights of property and to the liberty of the individual in possession to do what he liked with himself and with his own.
4.
(Suppose that by the working of natural laws individuals pursuing their own interests with enlightenment in condition of freedom always tend to promote the general interest at the same time! ...) To the philosophical doctrine that the government has no right to interfere, and the divine that it has no need to interfere, there is added a scientific proof that its interference is inexpedient.
5.
I should have expected that an author who has shown that almost all his fundamental concepts are ambiguous, and that some are even defined in several flatly contradictory ways, would have been more anxious to make clear in exactly what sense he wants them to be understood. Is it not the least we can ask from him that at any rate at this stage he should commit himself to a definite an unequivocal definition of his concepts?
6.
On January 23, 1932, after a hiatus of nearly two weeks, during which Hayek suffered "a slight attack of influenza," he responded at length. (... ...) Keynes was tiring of the correspondence. Sharing Hayek's latest salvo with Sraffa, he wrote[:]
"What is the next move? I feel that the abyss yawnsㅡand so do I. (...)"It was three weeks before Keynes replied to Hayek's letter of January 23.
"Your letters helps me very much towards getting at what is in your mind. I think you have told me all that I am entitled to ask by way of correspondence. The matter could not be carried further except by an extension of your argument to a more actual case than the simplified one we have been discussing. (...) "
- I think you have now told me all that I am entitled to ask by way of correspondence.
- The matter could not be carried further except by an extension of your argument to a more actual case than the simplified one we have been discussing.
- answer 대신 told로 표현한 케인스의 날카로운 낱말 선택을 감지할 수 있다. '네가 나에게 <일러주기(즉 일방적을 말해주기)>는 했지만 <답변(궁금증을 해소)>해준 것은 아니다'는 뉘앙스가 녹아 있다.
- 'could not ... except by'를 써서 강하게 몰아붙이는 표현 기법을 동원한 반면, 'a more ... than'의 비교급을 결합하는 (...)
7.
8.
This was decided in the affirmative for reasons which I understand but with which I do not agree.
9.
2012년 9월 18일 화요일
Dic: ready for sth, ready to do sth (need or want, willing to do)
4. If you are ready for something, you need it or want it.
- ex) I don't know about you, but I'm ready for bed...
- ex) They were ready to die for their beliefs... (= willing)
CF.
2. If you are ready for something or ready to do something, you have enough experience to do it or you are old enough and sensible enough to do it.
- ex) She says she's not ready for marriage...
- ex) You'll have no trouble getting him into a normal school when you feel he's ready to go.
- ex) She looked ready to cry...
2012년 9월 17일 월요일
Dic: overtaken by events
■ If an event overtakes you, it happens unexpectedly or suddenly. (= befall)
- Tragedy was shortly to overtake him, however.
- The positive neutrality enjoined on the force has now been overtaken by events.
- The diplomatic negotiations were soon overtaken by events.
- The climbers were overtaken by bad weather.
- Sudden panic overtook her.
- Our original plan was overtaken by events (= the situation changed very rapidly) and we had to make a new one.
2012년 9월 16일 일요일
[케인스 저술 목록] Searching for J. M. Keynes's writings
…
▷ Indian Currency and Finance (1913)
▷ His review of A. M. Innes's What Is Money (1914)
▷ The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919 [1920]): Gutenberg(html), Econlib(html), Liberty Fund, ... ; 독서메모 ;
▷ Treatise on Probability (1920): archive.org; gutenberg.org(pdf);
▷ A Tract on Monetary Reform (1923) ─cf. 참고자료 ; 독서메모 ;
▷ The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill (1925 ?) : See below Essays in Persuasion
▷ The end of laissez-faire (1926) : another abbreviated eText is available below in Essays in Persuasion and Laissez-Faire and Communism.─cf. 독서메모 ;
▷ Laissez-Faire and Communism (1926) composed of I. The End of Laissez-Faire & II. A Short View of Russia
…
▷ A Treatise on Money (October 31, 1930)─ eBook; cf. 독서메모; 참고자료;
▷ Memorandum by Mr J.M. Keynes to the Committee of Economists of the Economic Advisory Council (September 1930)
▷ Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren (October 1930) ; Univ. of Yale;
▷ “The Pure Theory of Money. A Reply to Dr. Hayek” (Economica. vol. 11, No. 34, Nov. 1931, pp.387-397): Google Books ; Jstor ; 독서메모 ─Keynes's rejoinder to Hayek's review[독서메모]of his Treatise on Money.
▷ Essays in Persuasion (1931)─Gutenberg.ca, of which:
Ⅰ. The Treaty of Peace
- 1. Paris (1919) | 2. The Capacity of Germany to pay Reparations (1919) | 3. Proposals for the Reconstruction of Europe (1919) | 4. The Change of Opinion (1921) | 5. War Debts and the United States (1921, 1925, 1928)
- 1. Inflation (1919) | 2. Social Consequences of Changes in the Value of Money (1923) | 3. The French Franc (1926, 1928) | 4. A Programme of Expansion (General Election, May 1929) | 5. The Great Slump of 1930 (Dec. 1930) | 6. Economy (1931: 1, 2, 3) | 7. The Consequences to the Banks of the Collapse of Money Values (Aug. 1931)
- 1. Auri Sacra Fames (1930) | 2. Alternative Aims in Monetary Policy (1923) | 3. Positive Suggestions for the Future Regulation of Money (1923) (1919) | 4. The Speeches of the Bank Chairmen (1924, 1925, 1927) | 5. The Economic Consequences of Mr. Churchill (1925) | 6. Mitigation by Tariff (1931) | 7. The End of the Gold Standard (Sept. 27, 1931)
- 1. A Short View of Russia (1925) | 2. The End of Laissez-faire (1926) | 3. Am I a Liberal? (1925) | 4. Liberalism and Labour (1926)
…
▷ The Means to Prosperity (1933) (Gutenberg.ca) ─cf. 독서메모 ;
▷ [J.M. Keynes's] Open Letter to President Roosevelt (1933) : New Deal Docs, ..
▷ The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936): MIA(html); eBook; single PDF; Gutenberg.au(html); ─cf.참고자료 ; 독서메모 ;
▷ [J.M. Keynes's] Private Letter to President Roosevelt (1938)
▷ ..
CF. Professor J. Bradford DeLong's list of "Things to read by Keynes"
CF. Keynes: John Maynard Keynes deserves a webpage of his own
...
Some background papers about him:
- John Maynard Keynes ( davidson.edu )
- John Maynard Keynes of Bloomsbury: Four Short Talks ( econ.duke.edu )
- A Message from Lord Keynes of Tilton ( Institute of Slovak and World Economy, Slovak Academy of Science )
- ...
[슬라이드] Toward the birth of Political Economy
자료: [슬라이드] Toward the birth of Political Economy
출처: Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
발췌식 인용문을 통한 경제학사 돌이켜보기. PPT 슬라이드.
(...) “ I abandon laissez-faire – not enthusiastically … but because, whether we like it or not, the conditions of its success have disappeared. It was a double doctrine, -- it entrusted the public weal to private enterprise unchecked and unaided. Private enterprise is no longer unchecked … And if private enterprise is not unchecked, we cannot leave it unaided. ”
CF. " We are brought to my heresy--if it is a heresy. I bring in the State; I abandon laissez-faire--not enthusiastically, not from contempt of that good old doctrine, but because, whether we like it or not, the conditions for its success have disappeared" (^N^, 7 June 1924)
(...) In his reply to Llyod George's call for a great Liberal debate on the economy, Keynes wrote that: "We are brought to my heresy--if it is a heresy. I bring in the State. I abandon laissez-faire--not enthusiastically, not from contempt of that good old doctrine, but because, whether we like it or not, the conditions for its success have disappeared. [44]
[주44] J. M. Keynes, "A Drastic Remedy for Unemployment--A Reply to Critics', in ^The Nation^, vol. 25, no. 10, 7 June 1924, p. 312.
2012년 9월 12일 수요일
중도의 길을 말한다 (폴 새뮤얼슨)
2012년 9월 10일 월요일
Dic: inform (in a formal sense)
─ If a situation or activity is informed by an idea or a quality, that idea or quality is very noticeable in it. (FORMAL)
- All great songs are informed by a certain sadness and tension...
- The concept of the Rose continued to inform the poet's work.
5) to impart some essential or formative characteristic to
6) (tr) to animate or inspire
- Her experience as a refugee informs the content of her latest novel.
- The principles that inform modern teaching
- “A society's strength is measured by . . . its ability to inform a future generation with its moral standards”(Vanity Fair)
- “It is this brash, backroom sensibility that informs his work as a novelist”(Jeff Shear)
- Religion informs every aspect of their lives.
- These guidelines will be used to inform any future decisions.
- As such, these works serve as a convincing proof of principle and have informed our own approach to the problem of dominance evolution.
Dic: visit (as assail, afflict, punish)
- The judge visited his full anger upon the defendant.
- God's wrath will be visited on sinners.
- The sins of the ancestors were visited on their descendants.
- The sins of the fathers are visited upon the children
■
4) (tr) (of a disease, disaster, etc.) to assail; afflict
5) (tr; foll by upon or on) to inflict (punishment, etc.) ex) the judge visited his full anger upon the defendant
6) (tr; usually foll by with) archaic. to afflict or plague (with punishment, etc.)
■ visit on / [visit sth on sb/sth] phr v. △to do something to punish someone or show them that you are angry. ex) God's wrath will be visited on sinners.
■
8. To afflict or assail: ex) A plague visited the village.
9. To inflict punishment on or for; avenge: ex) The sins of the ancestors were visited on their descendants.
■ visit something on/upon someone/something (old use) to punish someone or something. ex) The sins of the fathers are visited upon the children (= children are blamed or suffer for what their parents have done).
2012년 9월 7일 금요일
Dic: the one (as the only person or thing)
2 [ADJ] det ADJ △If you say that someone or something is the one person or thing of a particular kind, you are emphasizing that they are the only person or thing of that kind.(= only)
- They had alienated the one man who knew the business...
- His one regret is that he has never learned a language.
CF.
3 [DET] DET sing-n △One can be used instead of `a' to emphasize the following noun.
- There is one thing I would like to know-What is it about Tim that you find so irresistible?...
- One person I hate is Russ.
4 [DET] DET adj sing-n △You can use one instead of `a' to emphasize the following adjective or expression. (INFORMAL)
- If we ever get married we'll have one terrific wedding...
- It's like one enormous street carnival here.
2012년 9월 5일 수요일
Dic: strain (as a particular quality)
■ WAY OF SAYING SOMETHING】[singular] formal. △an amount of a feeling that you can see in the way someone speaks, writes, paints etc
- a strain of bitterness in Young's later work.
- There was a strain of bitterness in his voice.
- this cynical strain in the book.
- 7(a). The tone, tenor, or substance of a verbal utterance or of a particular action or behavior: spoke in a passionate strain.
- 7(b). A prevailing quality, as of attitude or behavior.
2012년 9월 4일 화요일
Dic: a devil of something, the devil
■ a devil of a time/job etc: [old-fashioned. spoken] a difficult or unpleasant time, job etc
- We had a devil of a job trying to get the carpet clean again.
- has a devil of a temper.
- a devil of a fine horse
- These berries are the devil to pick because they're so small.
Dic: purple prose, purple passage
■ purple prose/passage: writing that uses difficult or unusual words - used in order to show disapproval
- a passage conspicuous for brilliance or effectiveness in a work that is dull, commonplace, or uninspired.
- [chiefly British] a piece of obtrusively ornate writing —called also purple patch
Origin of PURPLE PASSAGE: translation of Latin pannus purpureus purple patch; from the traditional splendor of purple cloth as contrasted with plainer materials
■ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple_prose
2012년 9월 3일 월요일
Works by Otto Jespersen
Essentials of English Grammar (1933):
- source 1: Internet Archive (이 자료를 어떻게 보라는 것인지, 아시는 분?)
...
2012년 9월 2일 일요일
Dic: put someone out (one of its meanings)
■ 6 [PHRASAL VERB] V n P △If you put someone out, you cause them trouble because they have to do something for you.
- I've always put myself out for others and I'm not doing it any more.
- I did not blame him for feeling put out...
■ put someone out:
1. to cause someone trouble, extra work, etc. (synonym inconvenience)
- I hope our arriving late didn't put them out.
- He was really put out.