These nouns denote means for achieving an end by indirection or deviousness.
- Wile suggests deceiving and entrapping a victim by playing on his or her weak points:
... "He did not fail to see/His uncle's cunning wiles and treachery" William Morris. - Artifice refers to something especially contrived to create a desired effect:
... "Should the public forgive artifices used to avoid military service?" Godfrey Sperling. - Trick implies willful deception:
... "The ... boys ... had all sorts of tricks to prevent us from winning" W.H. Hudson. - Ruse stresses the creation of a false impression:
... Your pretended deafness was a ruse to enable you to learn our plans, wasn't it? - Feint denotes a deceptive act calculated to distract attention from one's real purpose:
... One person bumped into me as a feint while the other stole my wallet. - Stratagem implies carefully planned deception used to achieve an objective:
... The manager used ruthless stratagems to win the promotion. - Maneuver often applies to a single strategic move:
... "To this day they always speak of that Reform Bill as if it had been a dishonest maneuver" The Standard. - Dodge stresses shifty and ingenious deception:
... "'It was all false, of course?' 'All, sir,' replied Mr. Weller, ' ... artful dodge'" Charles Dickens.
... Am-Heritage
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