[발췌] Ex-offenders and the Labor Market (2010)

출처: Ex-offenders and the Labor Market, Center for Economic and Policy Research. Nov 2010.
지은이: John Schmitt and Kris Warner


※ 발췌 (excerpt):

( ... ... ) in 2008 the U.S. economy lost the equivalent of 1.5 to 1.7 million workers, or roughly a 0.8 to 0.9 percentage-point reduction in the overal employment rate.

Since over 90 percent of ex-offenders are men, the effect on male employment rates was much higher, with ex-offenders lowering employment rates for men by 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points.

( ... ... )

Conclusion

Bruce Western and Katherine Beckett (1999) have rightly called the criminal justice system a U.S. labor-market institution. Our estimates suggest that ex-offenders lower overll employment rates as much as 0.8 to 0.9 percentage points; male employment rates, as much as 1.5 to 1.7 percentage points; and those of less-educated men as much as 6.1 to 6.9 percentage points. These employment losses hit ex-offenders harderst, but also impose a substantial cost on the U.S. economy in the form of lost output of goods and services. In GDP terms, we estimate that in 2008 these employment losses cost the country $57 to $65 billion per year.


※ By the way, on page 147, in Rewriting the Rules of the American Economy by J. Stiglitz and other co-authors, the text says:

One key driver of underemployment is the employment penalty for felons. One study estimates that prison records and felony convictions reduced the overall male unemployment rate by 1.5-1.7 percentage points in 2008 alone.[note 49]

The note 49 indicates the paper mentioned at the title above, John Schmitt and Kris Warner's "Ex-offenders and the Labor Market."