[자료] Survey of Income and Program Participation(SIPP), U.S. Census Bureau

자료 1: <부록 2> 국민노후보장패널조사 무응답대체 적용방법에 관한 연구

Survey of Income and Program Participation(SIPP)은 소득의 원천과 금액, 노동관련 정보, 사회복지 프로그램 참여 정도와 수혜자 여부 및 기타 인구사회학적 특성들을 조사하여 현존하는 정부의 복지프로그램의 효과를 검증하고 미래의 대상자 규모와 소요비용을 추계하기 위한
조사이다. 특히 SIPP는 약 70개 항목의 현금소득 및 현물소득에 대한 다양한 정보를 제공하며 조세, 자산, 부채 및 정부의 소득 이전 프로그램의 수혜 여부와 급여수준 등에 대해서 조사하고 있다(U.S. Bureau of the Census 2001). SIPP에서는 나이, 성별, 인종 등에 따라 층을 나누어 핫덱(Hot deck) 방법으로 대체하였으며, 덧셈 또는 비율적으로 변하는 값에 대해서는 다른 회차의 값을 이용하여 대체하였다.

자료 2: Survey of Income and Program Participation (링크 1 , 링크 2, 링크 3)

This section provides analysts using the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) with an overview of the survey content. SIPP is a longitudinal survey that collects information on topics such as poverty, income, employment, and health insurance coverage. SIPP core content covers demographic characteristics, work experience, earnings, program participation, transfer income, and asset income. Each interview wave contains additional topical content, including one or more topical modules, allowing the Census Bureau to address a range of subjects.[1]

Core questions are typically asked at the start of the interview. At the beginning of each household visit, the Census Bureau interviewer completes or updates a roster listing all household members, verifies basic demographic information about each person, and checks certain facts about the household. The CAI instrument performs "behind the scenes" case management functions at the same time. Prior to the advent of CAI, that information was contained on the control card, which provided a mechanism for carrying information forward from one wave to the next for each sample member. Core questions covering key areas of SIPP follow the initial questions. For the most part, the 1996 Panel and prior panels cover the same content; however, the organization of the content within the 1996 CAI instrument is somewhat different.

Topical questions are those that are not repeated in each wave. These questions usually appear in separate topical modules that follow the core questions. Topical modules are designed to gather specific information on a wide variety of subjects. They provide a broader picture of the types of individuals who are responding to the survey and give SIPP some flexibility in collecting data on emerging issues. Some topical modules are included in each panel but, unlike the core content, are not in each wave. The frequency and timing of these modules may vary. For example, the personal history topical modules are always administered once, in Waves 1 and 2. Other topical modules are asked multiple times within the same panel; the Assets and Liabilities module, for example, is included four times within the 1996 Panel.

In some instances, the interview flows more smoothly if topical questions are placed with core questions that relate to the same topic. For example, topical questions on asset balances are divided between items included in the core questionnaire and items included in a separate topical module. SIPP asks questions about ownership and an income amount in the core. Questions relating to asset balances appear in the asset topical module. Similarly, home-based-employment and size-of-firm data collected in the 1992 and 1993 Panels (Waves 6 and 3, respectively) are incorporated into the core questionnaire. The term , therefore, actually refers to all topical items of the same theme, instead of those that are grouped together into a distinct module, because the frequency with which the item appears is more important than its location.

Reference periods for items in topical modules vary widely, ranging from the respondent's status at the time of the interview to the respondent's experience over his or her entire life. When working with data from the SIPP topical modules, analysts should check question wording concepts carefully to ascertain the reference period. They should also check the universe for each question, because topical modules are not uniformly asked of all respondents. For example, only people 25 years of age or older are asked topical module questions about their retirement and pension accounts. Questions on shelter costs and energy usage are asked only of the reference person. In other modules, a screening question will determine who is and is not asked the remainder of the module—in the case of the Work Schedule module, for example, only those who worked during the previous month answer the entire set of questions.

The relationship between topical module titles and content is not perfectly consistent. Over the history of SIPP, there have been situations in which either the topical module content changed with no change in title or the topical module title changed with little change in content. In a few situations, content has "floated" from one topical module to another. And sometimes there has been significant overlap in content between two topical modules with different titles. The actual questions are provided with the microdata technical documentation. Specific topical modules are discussed below, with the panels and waves listed in brackets (e.g., [93-3, 96-6] for a module asked in the third wave of the 1993 Panel and the sixth wave of the 1996 Panel). Chapter 5 of the SIPP User's Guidelists topical modules and the panels and waves in which they were included in the survey. Table 3-2 groups topical modules thematically (modules may appear in more than one category).